Europeans came from Africa. From the Sahara to be precise. Archeologists have called them "Cro-Magnon". These early people were hunters and gatherers. They inhabited the caves of Southern Europe, like Altamira in Spain, the Dordogne in France, Willendorf in Austria and the Balkans. From hundreds of images and statues, we know that our ancestors revered the Great Mother as the Source of life. Their world wasn't split up, yet. So, everything was still whole, consisting of the Universal Body of the Mother.

Waves of people from Northern Africa continued to reach us. This time they crossed the waters of the Atlantic, as well. Groups settled down along the coasts. The remainders of their cultures are called "Megaliths" e.g. standing stones ("Menhirs"). They were used for fertility rituals, representing both maternal and phallic functions. Many places contain neolithic graves. The most famous ones are the mounds of Brittany and Ireland (Newgrange). Stonehenge (Britain) is a megalithic temple, constructed as a Womb. Highlights of neolithical religious art are the Great Mother Temples of Catalhöyük, Malta and Gozo.   

With Sumeria a new era dawned. It was the time of the agricultural revolution. Women invented the cultivation e.g. domestication of plants and animals. They developed a culture of settlers including weaving, dyeing, painting, pottery, herbal medicine and much more. From observation people learned about the changing of seasons, from the sprouting in spring to the harvest in autumn. This is how the new myth of the Cycle of Vegetation originated. Everything was born out of the Womb of the Mother, while continuously returning into Her. It laid the foundation for the "Law of the Universe": the dynamic balance between "death, rebirth and the web of life". 

Later in time the function of "Vegetation God" was "delegated" to men. By their (symbolic) death in autumn, their resurrection in spring, together with their sacred marriage to the MotherGoddess, represented by the Queeen, the harvest had to be secured. These myths can be found in Egypt (Isis and Osiris), Sumeria (Inanna and Dumuzi), Babylon (Ishtar and Tammuz) and Canaan (Astarte and Baal). The latter - through the trade routes of the Phoenicians - spreading the religion further West. Remainders are abundant all over the Mediterranean, reaching even further into the mainland of Africa, Spain, Britain and Ireland. Even Yahweh is his early days was a Son of the MotherGoddess Astarte. The latter later surviving as the Jewish Shekinah, who is equal to the Christian Sophia. Sophia is particularly revered in Orthodoxy, to a degree, that She almost re-occupies Her original position as Ultimate Deity.

In the mean time, on Crete, the Mother culture ("Snake Goddess") had a surprising comeback. Here the Goddess ruled, assisted by Her Son/Lover, symbolized by the bull. Minoan art is light, playful, gentle and colorful, expressing the joyful character of the culture of that time. Knossos, the capital, was built in a valley, unprotected, which is proof of the peaceful, matriarchal character of society. The Mother was still very present in neighboring lands. Anatolia ("land of the mother") accomodated many, among the best-known Cybele and Artemis. The former became the Magna Mater of the Roman Empire, while the latter was "succeeded" by the "Mother of God", the Christian Virgin Mary.

Canaan, however, would again further fertilize the Mediterranean and beyond by the Goddesses Europa and Aphrodite, both manifestations of the old Mother Astarte. Accounts tell us that Europa, a Goddess of Byblos, now Libanon, was playing on the beach, together with some of her girlfriends. A beautiful white bull raised from the sea, inviting her to ride him. Once that happened the bull - who turned out to be the God Zeus - swam away, direction Crete. There he raped her. Europa then gave birth to Minos, the later legendary king of Crete. More likely is, that this story is the result of a "patriarchal inversion". Goddesses riding the bull was a common religious symbol, going back to the time of the Mother with Her Son/Lovers. If this is true, then Europa had seduced Zeus and not vice-versa. It was Her, who directed him to Crete, in order to start a new Western kingdom, the true beginning of Europe.

In Europe, another migration had taken place. It were the Celts, who, coming from Anatolia!, occupied central parts of the continent (Hallstadt). They had taken their Anatolian MotherGoddesses with them, together with evolving warrior Gods. Still, there was this millennia old relationship between the Mother and Her Sons (Daughters), although it were the men, who determined the daily affairs of the tribe. Later, the Celts were driven further westward, settling down in Northern Spain, Brittany, Britain and Ireland. There they mixed with descendents of e.g. Megalithical people and Phoenicians. In Ireland these were the mythical "Tuatha de Danaan". The Irish name for Ireland - Eire - is the name of a Goddesss. Nordic people had preserved their MotherGoddesses as well, f.i. Freya, the Goddess of death, rebirth and preservation.

Through the crusades a new impluse came to Western Europe. In the Orient, the crusaders came across stories about Isis, the Dark One. She had been the predecesssor of the Virgin Mary. She and the child Horus on Her lap had changed into Mary with her child Jesus. Even into the 6th century CE She had temples in France f.i. (Soissons). So, the crusaders, among them very pious and intelligent men, started to link things. They also heard about the legendary temple of Solomon - in fact, to find the temple was one of their main ambitions, hence the founding of the Knights Templar - which "Holiest of Holiest" in ancient times was called the "Womb of Astarte". Sufi's still practised worship toward the "feminine aspect" of Allah. Last but not least, stories about the famous Black Queens of Nubia may have reached their ears, as well.

Coming back to their European homelands an intrigueing mixture of religious and wordly culture had emerged. The old MotherGoddess of the Celts (Cerridwin), together with Her "Cauldron of Regeneration", through which killed warriors miraculously resurrected, besides the old Goddesses Isis and Cybele, now became fertilized by myths and legends from the Orient. Black Madonna's had been found already from the 8th century or even earlier, however, it were the crusaders who gave these phenomena new impulses. At the same time mysticism and courtly culture - a revival of Lady worship, with the famous Eleanor of Aquitaine taking the lead - flowered all over Western Europe. It was the context for the Legend of the Grail, not surprisingly having originated in Toledo, a cultural and religious centre with direct links to the Middle East. Both Black Madonna's and the Grail can be linked to the ancient Mother Religion, with the latter symbolizing the Cosmic Womb of everlasting abundance.*

* The Shrine Madonna should be mentioned here. It is a statue of the Virgin. From the outside nothing special can be seen. Opening two secret doors at the frontside, you see the Mother embracing - giving birth to the Holy Trinity - Father, Son and Holy Ghost. It was the most daring attempt to restore the Original Mother, ever. See: "Shrine Madonna Gallery".

Parsifal was the last pre-Christian hero. Later authors already re-wrote the Legend, adding a Christian meaning to it. However, the conflict between the old beliefs and the Church went on smouldering. What was the case? Since the time of Constantin, Christianity had become a state religion, having the entire state apparatus at its disposal. Interrupted by the Dark Ages, they got it back through the baptism of Clovis. From that moment on Christianity was imposed on the people by force. Its aim was to crush the "pagan" belief, which was still very much based on the Mother as the Ultimate Source of the universe. Being rooted in "Heaven, earth and the community" was destroyed in favor of the "Christian Good News". This "news" consisted of the invention, that all people were born in "sin". Unable to liberate themselves, they had to become "redeemed" by Jesus Christ, the "Son of God", sent to earth in order to die on the cross exactly for this purpose*.

* The Mother is All-Inclusive. Therefore, while critisizing the system (Church), I very much respect individual believers.

People turned from self-relying men and women, who had lived in the cosmic context of "Heaven, earth and the community", protected by the all-embracing Mother* into sinful, weak, powerless, ugly, self-denying, self-torturing, depending, insecure, helpless and confused human beings. The earth, rather than being a home, in which life is good, turned into a "vale of tears". Not enjoying the fruits of the earth, but trying to escape from it became the supreme commandment. The Church did everything to denounce the earth and everything that was connected to it: nature, the body, women, sex and pleasure. Everything natural was part of the "devil", the latter trying to distract people from their heavenly destination. Society became obsessed with death, for only death - with Jesus as the example - could bring "redemption". In fact, the Church had alienated an entire culture from its original roots, replacing it by surrogate "values". It is the source of alienation, which still dominates our world today.

* This had become considerably eroded in the course of time. In fact, Babylon with Marduk destroying Mother Tiamat, and Israel doing the same with Astarte, were the forerunners of partriarchal religion. However, strong "undercurrents" of the Old Religion were still alive. 

People resisted wherever they could. In the 5th century they had already forced the Church to restore the ancient Great Mother in Her old glory. At the Concilium of Ephese (431 CE) the Church declared Mary to be the "Mother of God" (Theotokos). It could be explained in two ways: literally and symbolically. They thus cleverly satisfied both pagans and believers. In the course of time, because of "slow progress", the Church started to apply violence in order to decide the course of events in its favor. It started the Inquisition. This organization terrorized society for many centuries.....It was so perfectly organized, with spies everywhere, that the later Gestapo found in it an inspiring example. A little gossipping, a rumour or a fake story was already enough to make one suspicious. Crimes were blasphemy, pride, heresy, intercourse with the "devil", disloyalty towards the Church or simply the envy of a neighbor targeting somebodies' wealth. For if convictited, which was pre-determined through show trials, your wealth was conviscated and distributed.  

Not surprisingly, women became main targets. Wasn't the Old Mother Religion the Churches' main enemy, after all? Eve had been declared the mother of evil, the cause of "original sin". It were the women, who had brought suffering to this earth. That's why Mary was called the "second Eve", to whom every woman had to pray for purity, rescue and forgiveness. The crusade against women already started very early. In fact, it was Peter, who sidelined Mary Magdalene, the latter not only being the Beloved of Jesus, but also Priestess of the Mother Religion (who therefore anointed Jesus), Apostle of the Apostles and Successor of the Messias. Later, "saints" like Clemens of Alexandria, Tertullian, Hyppolit, Augustin and Ambrose, all "fathers of the Church", denounced women in no uncertain terms, in fact, labeling them as animals or worse. No wonder, that this orgy of violence turned into the witch hunt, in which hundreds of thousands of women died, mostly on the stake.

In fact, since the start of the Inquisition, people turned themselves en masse toward a secular culture. Alienated from their original roots - Heaven, earth and the community - they started to embrace materialism and individualism. It was the beginning of the Reanaissance. It was the Church who caused the turning to an ego-centered culture, hence the former is responsible for the deterioration that followed. It was the Church that turned healthy people into poor souls, wretched people, deprived of their possibility to realize their innermost Core. God-Realization - to be the One You Really Are - was the worst sin possible, after all. The second worst sin was to be part of nature, for that was the realm of the "devil"*. Sacredness of nature was denounced and ruthlessly destroyed, including trees, hills, valleys, groves, wells, streams, together with the monuments of "pagan" people. Pagan rituals were forbidden or reshaped according to the Christian calendar and many mountain tops were "decorated" with a cross.Yes, pope Benedict is right. Europe's "soul is dead". He only forgot to mention, who it was who killed it.

* Recently, with Christianity turning out to be the champion of environmental action.....Well, we all need each other, nowadays. The advice of a protestant minister from the US should be taken to heart, though. He confronts Christians with their past, saying that every Christian who cares about nature should do it with a continuous attitude of repentance.

What would those, who boast about Europe as "resting solidly on Christian norms and values", exactly mean? Anyway, in the Renaissance, people found relief in pursueing their self-centered goals. They created space for themselves, in which they developed new arts, science, trade (capitalism!), societies and more. The Mother, however, went underground. Open appearence would have been - even in these new circumstances - too dangerous. The Church had comfortably replaced Her by the "neutralized" Virgin Mary. The latter being the instrument of the Church and the ruling elite. During the centuries hundreds of churches had been built, all in the name of the Virgin. They all pleaded for support from "Our Lady" or "Notre Dame". The Original Mother on the other hand, manifested Herself in disguise: as Lady Fortune, Philosophia, Nature, Sapientia, Eternal Wisdom or La Dame a là Licorne*, the latter consisting of the Mother and Her Son/Lovers. It was J.W.Goethe, who continued the tradition throughout Romanticism, by dedicating his "Faust" to the "Eternal Feminine". The drift of the play is, that only She is able to ultimately redeem a man's ego. His age wasn't too far away from the collective mass movements like industrialization, capitalism, socialism and communism. People started feeling the "curse" of modern life.

* Consisting of 6 marvellous carpets. To be seen in the Musée de Cluny, Paris. See: "Gallery"

It was a favorable circumstance for Mary and Her various apparitions. She warned the world against ongoing degeneration and decay. It has drawn millions of people to Her various shrines. The most "risky" among them - often Black Madonna's, the ones that originally were a symbol of protest against the Church - were now safely locked up in bunkerlike churches, firmly under the control of the clerus. Recently, it was the Third World, who, through Fr. Tissa Balasurya - a Catholic priest from Sri Lanka - started protesting against the "traditional" cult of the Virgin. He accused the Church of having the Virgin stripped of Her Power, leaving people meak, weak, "humble", depending and powerless behind. He goes to the core of the matter. Only by imposing the original sin on people, the Church is able to exert power. No sin, no Church. The Virgin Mary, he says, only functions as an accomplice to this Church strategy. In reality, Fr. Tissa stresses, Mary was not a sweet idol, but a mature woman, fighting for the cause of Her son. Hence, She should become a symbol of liberation, rather than submission.

The current global crisis has made this all much more acute. The Church has stepped in the grave it itself digged. It "began" with F.Nietzsche. He declared God dead. Ever since, we increasingly move towards "nothingness". This fear is real, because the survival of our planet is at stake. Normally, this should be reason for confusion, depression and despair. With the Mother as Ultimate Reality, the senseless becomes sensible. Nothingness isn't the end everybody is afraid of, but proves to be a Cosmic Vacuum, in ancient times called the Great Mother. Full of surprise we realize, that we are at the beginning of a new evolutionary cycle. It started with the Great Mother, as the All-Embracing Source of Existence. Subsequently, She split into various Goddesses, each representing a part of the Original Mother. Followed by various Gods e.g. the One God of monotheism. This One God delegated its competence e.g. authority to his representative on earth, e.g. Jesus (also: Buddha). The latter being eventually replaced by rude Church dominance. This would be the end, were it not, that spiritually seen, the "end" proves to be the Cosmic Womb, from which everything without exception is being born, while continuously returning to its Source. It signifies the return of the Mother. The cycle (spiral) is closed.

Looking at other continents, every continent has had its own development. The USA went from a liberal republic to a repressive state dominated by big corporations and Christian fundamentalists. To the latter the Gospel is a book that supports you in gaining wealth and power. In China, after the disaster of communism and against the light of a possible future capitalist disaster is putting its eggs on a renewal of Confucianism. In India, society at large still embraces the traditional MatriDevi. The latter has lost strength, though. She hardly supports the people in their struggle for freedom, justice and sustainability. Russia has a state-sponsored revival of the Orthodox Virgin Mary. In Africa, traditional religion and subsequently Goddesses are increasingly overpowered by either Islam or Christianity. Native South America still struggles to overcome the Spanish Conquista, more and more emphasizing their Mother of Creation: Pachamama. Europe in its turn is celebrating the Return of the Great Mother: She Who was there at the "Beginning"; She Who has never abandoned us throughout the centuries. Aren't we very fortunate? It has given us back our roots, while simultaneously being on the eve of A New Era.

The Return of the Mother takes place at exactly the right moment. It is a moment in which we are confronted with the fiasco of religion, culture and society. We are in the middle of a global crisis, without precedence. Nobody dares to predict the outcome. Its norms and values are worn-out, a father God will not rescue us this time. Rescue has to come from the Beyond, the Dimension that hasn't been exhausted by our usage. Thus, what is "new" about the Mother? First of all, She is All-Embracing, giving everybody security e.g. "maternal care", without exception. Isn't She the Birthgiver of the entire universe? So, She takes care of us more than a father is. Secondly, everybody who surrenders to Her is granted Her Light Body, putting an end to the miserable world view of Christianity. We are allowed to realize the Divine Spark within ourselves, being joyful, strong and compassionate, once again. Thirdly, She is the Unity in Diversity. With increasing fragmentation, this bonding capacity is indispensable. Fourthly, She is giving us a guideline for life. By giving us Her "Law of the Universe", people once again have something to hold on. This Law consists of the dynamic equilibrium of destruction, creation and permanence. Destruction of ego-centeredness, greed and addiction, birth of our Deeper e.g. New Self, while becoming part of the Whole - "Heaven, earth and the community" - once again*.

* The Law of the Universe gives a new impulse to gender roles, as well. See f.i.: "Green Men", "HisStory" and "Wise Women"

Fortunately, despite all oppression, the Original Tradition had not completely died out. It is the Tradition of the Mother giving birth to Goddesses, the latter in their turn being the archetype to "Wise Women". On the male side, the Mother is giving birth to the VegetationGods ("Son/Lovers"), the latter being the archetype of the "Green Man". Both were revived in the Middle Ages with "Green Man" carvings in houses, castles and churches (The Church had no choice but to allow pagan images. In fact, it was its strategy to incorporate them with the aim of neutralizing), while the women shined as Ladies in courtly culture (Eleanor of Aquitaine). Women mystics (beguines) set themselves free from Church oppression, while founding their own independent communities. The phenomenon of "Green Men" is astonishing. They are found in wide areas in Europe e.g. France, Britain, Germany and Spain. Their faces are intimately connected to foliage, expressing their unity with nature. As the successors of the VegetationGods, their symbolism doesn't stop here, though*. The "Green Men" embody the "death and rebirth" aspect of the Mother, while the "Wise Women" are complying with Her "web of life". While the dominant culture created rational, one-dimensional, self-addicted, exploitative and violent men (currently including more and more women, as well), the "Green Man" embodies a totally different "archetype". In a world in which especially men suffer from acute deterioration and loss of identitiy, the emergence of the "Green Man" is a gift from Heaven. The survival of the entire culture depends on it. "Green Men" acknowledge their descent from the Mother, are willing to continuously "die and being reborn" (dropping the identification with their ego's), while dedicating their lives to serving the Whole**.   

* Famous "Green Men": Dionysos, Parsifal.....See: "HisStory"

** Europe thus resting on two pillars: The Mother on the one hand and Her children:  "Green Men" and "Wise Women" on the other. The cooperation between those two will mark a New Era. See also: "Mother Blog" and "Healing Communities" or "Heilende Gemeinschaften" or "Helende Gemeenschappen".    

The strength of Europe has been undermined by two millennia of patriarchal oppression. The current weakness is the result of that. Because of this, Europe is almost defenseless against religious fundamentalists, Christian and Islamist, alike. Besides reclaiming its original spirituality - Mother spirituality - it has to face up to many other challenges. From overcoming the climate crisis, the desintegration of society, the fiasco of political parties, the commercialization of every sector of life, the collapse of the welfare state and the community, to putting an end to poverty, homelessness and hunger, maintaining a certain level of prosperity for all, the desolate situation our youth is in, the demography with corresponding influx of foreigners, the "State of the Union", the increasing violence and the possibility of more wars, and last but not least the oppression of women. At the moment it only seems to become worse. However, with the Mother as its Patroness, Europe will be taking the lead in promoting a new "feminine" (holistic) world view with its emphasis on connectedness, respect, love, tolerance, reconciliation, justice, cooperation, community, peace and sustainability. This will be manifested through a firm resolve toward the "Healing the Planet" initiative, consisting of its 7 stages: healing yourself, each other, the community, the tradition, society, the economy and the earth. "Europe-Motherland" isn't a metaphor for yet another publicity stunt. For the first time in centuries, Europeans have the chance to re-connect to Reality*. Don't miss the chance.

* It is like predicted by the historian A.Toynbee. He said, that in the stage of decay of a civilization, we have to first go back to the Source, in order to become renewed.

* In the last decades literature about "Goddesses" have been abundant. Some outstanding works about the Mother: E.Neumann "The Great Mother" (Jungian psychology), A.Baring/J.Cashford "The Myth of the Goddess" (history/ mythology) and F.Baumer "Der Kult der Großen Mutter" (archeology/mythology). The latter also made a very important film with the same title, broadcasted on the Bayrische Rundfunk in 1986. Recently, the BR Radio once again payed attention to the Great Mother. 

The Mother has left countless traces in the European landscape. From Marian shrines to state patronesses. In these times of intercultural living the Mother necessarily has to transcend every local limitation. She has to stand above the parties*. Or the other way round: people of every creed should be able to recognize themselves in Her. In the Old China, f.i., the Mother ("Wusheng Lao Mu") didn't have any image, just a black screen embodied Her Essence. Which, of course is a very realistic approach. In Europe we are used to images, though. Therefore, our first obligation is to create images that are as close to Her Reality as possible.We think, that with the Cosmic Womb Mandala and the Black Goddess (See: "Mother Healing") we have come rather close to that ideal. It unifies Christians (Black Madonna), Hindu's (MatriDevi), Buddhists (Emptiness or Kuan Yin), Indigenous people, Jews (Shekinah), Shintoists (Eternal Mother) and Voodoo-Goddesses f.i. equally. Moslims are forbidden to revere through images. Something that obviously has to be respected. Here it helps, that in Islam Allah can be considered a "Mother", as well. It is in "His/Her" quality of the Merciful, that Islam may be able to link with the "Maternal Dimension of God". Left are those who prefer to stay agnostics or atheists. Maybe even for them the idea of the Mother as Cosmic Vacuum - Nothingness - can bring some food for thought. In the end Her "web of life" - to be part of Heaven, earth and the community - may offer refuge to all, without exception**.

* Obviously, all manifestations of the Mother - Catholic, Hindu, Buddhist etc. - will be respected by everyone. It is the core of interreligious tolerance and reconciliation.

* See: "Existential Consciousness", "The Self-Sovereign Society", "Sociocracy" and "Transformation Manifesto for the 21st century" (German)    

Although the Mother is very prominent in Europe, She is equally Present throughout the world.
Obviously, we will promote Her wherever we come

Amargi
Sumerian greeting, meaning "Freedom in the Mother"

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